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Thomas Lodge (c.1558 – September 1625) was an English physician and author during the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. ==Biography== Thomas Lodge, born about 1558 in west Ham, was the second son of Sir Thomas Lodge, Lord Mayor of London, and his third wife Anne (1528–1579), daughter Henry Luddington (died 1531) a grocer in London. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Trinity College, Oxford; taking his BA in 1577 and MA in 1581. In 1578 he entered Lincoln's Inn, where, as in the other Inns of Court, a love of letters and a crop of debts were common. Lodge, disregarding the wishes of his family, took up literature. When the penitent Stephen Gosson had (in 1579) published his ''Schoole of Abuse'', Lodge responded with ''Defence of Poetry, Music and Stage Plays'' (1579 or 1580),〔 notes ''Defence of Poetry, Music and Stage Plays'' was reprinted for the Shakespeare Society in 1853.〕 which shows a certain restraint, though both forceful and learned. The pamphlet was banned, but appears to have been circulated privately. It was answered by Gosson in his ''Playes Confuted in Five Actions''; and Lodge retorted with his ''Alarum Against Usurers'' (1585)—a "tract for the times" which may have resulted from personal experience.〔 notes ''Alarum Against Usurers'' was reprinted for the Shakespeare Society in 1853.〕 In the same year he produced the first tale written by him on his own account in prose and verse, ''The Delectable History of Forbonius and Prisceria'', both published and reprinted with the ''Alarum''. From 1587 onwards he seems to have made a series of attempts at play writing, though most of those attributed to him are mainly conjectural. He probably never became an actor, and John Payne Collier's conclusion to that effect rested on the two assumptions that the "Lodge" of Philip Henslowe's manuscript was a player and that his name was Thomas, neither of which is supported by the text.〔 cites CM Ingleby, ''Was Thomas Lodge an Actor?'' 1868.〕 Having been to sea with Captain Clarke in his expedition to Terceira and the Canaries, Lodge in 1591 made a voyage with Thomas Cavendish to Brazil and the Straits of Magellan, returning home by 1593. During the Canaries expedition (circa 1586),〔Tenney, Edward 1935. Thomas Lodge. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.〕 to beguile the tedium of his voyage, he composed his prose tale of ''Rosalynde, Euphues Golden Legacie'', which, printed in 1590, afterwards furnished the story of Shakespeare's ''As You Like It''. The novel, which in its turn owes some, though no very considerable, debt to the medieval ''Tale of Gamelyn'' (unwarrantably appended to the fragmentary Cookes Tale in certain manuscripts of Geoffrey Chaucer's works), is written in the euphuistic manner, but decidedly attractive both by its plot and by the situations arising from it. It has been frequently reprinted. Before starting on his second expedition he had published a historical romance, ''The History of Robert, Second Duke of Normandy, surnamed Robert the Devil''; and he left behind him for publication ''Catharos Diogenes in his Singularity'', a discourse on the immorality of Athens (London). Both appeared in 1591. Another romance in the manner of Lyly, ''Euphues Shadow, the Battaile of the Sences'' (1592), appeared while Lodge was still on his travels. In the latter part of his life—possibly about 1596, when he published his ''Wits Miserie and the World's Madnesse'', which is dated from Low Leyton in Essex, and the religious tract ''Prosopopeia'' (if, as seems probable, it was his), in which he repents him of his "lewd lines" of other days—he became a Catholic and engaged in the practice of medicine, for which Wood says he qualified himself by a degree at Avignon in 1600. Two years afterwards he received the degree of M.D. from Oxford University. Early in 1606 he seems to have left England, to escape the persecution then directed against the Catholics; and a letter from him dated 1610 thanks the English ambassador in Paris for enabling him to return in safety. He was abroad on urgent private affairs of one kind and another in 1616. From this time to his death nothing further concerning him remains to be noted. Lodge while practising medicine in London lived first in Warwick Lane, afterwards in Lambert Hill, and finally in Old Fish Street in the parish of St. Mary Magdalen. He died in Old Fish Street in 1625, apparently in the Roman Catholic communion (see below). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thomas Lodge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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